Management

Complex problems like the ones concerning sustainable development (e.g. reduction of CO2) require collaboration between different groups. Often they have different interests and different professional backgrounds. Investigations of problems with complex dependencies like questions of sustainable energy need methods to study developments over time with changing boundary conditions. System dynamic modelling is an important tool for the analysis of such problems. It starts with a joint analysis of the situation and the development of different scenarios for possible future developments. Based on these pillars a system-dynamic model can be worked out which allows to compare different solutions and its consequences.

Materials and its properties are extremely important for design of components. They are also necessary for determination of lifetime and residual life of components. Such data are part of design codes and standards like the code books of the American Society for Mechanical Engineers, ASME, or similar organizations. Such data and information must periodically be checked and modified, when necessary. Design data for new or novel materials are extremely important. Matzerials ptoducrd by additive manufacturing are a typical example. Code data are currently primarily available as tables and figures.Making them available as as functions of temperature and other parameters will become necessary in future.

Many plants for the generation of energy are intended to work over long operation times.(up to 500 000 design-hours) at high temperatures and hostile environments and often also radiation. Start-Stop cycles of such devices can lead to fatigue damage of components. Constant loads like internal pressure or centrifugal load cause often creep loading and consequently to creep damage. Such service-conditions require complex analyses and calculation procedures (e.g. the ASME design code books). For consideration of dynamic load changes like relaxation of stresses system dynamic model can be used.